More robust risk assessments of exotic organisms and more rapid, cost-effective clearance of imported horticultural plants by the MPI. This will be achieved by providing new knowledge of pathogen evolution/biology as well as molecular diagnostics tools and new bioinformatics pipelines (e.g. for delta bit score or metagenomics analysis) to define the pathogenicity, host range and/or aggressiveness of individuals within multiple key pathogen groups. The pipelines and diagnostic protocols will be used on cultured organisms as well as on imported plant material directly. Ultimately, the knowledge, pipelines and diagnostic protocols will be incorporated into revised testing procedures for importation of high-risk plant material (e.g. Prunus) where existing costs are highest